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Ultrafiltration Systems

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Ultra filtration is process by which suspended materials and macromolecules are separated from wastewater by using membrane and pressure differential. The pressure differential in this method is lower than that of reverse osmosis. Unlike reverse osmosis it does not rely on overcoming osmotic effects. For dilute solutions of large polymerized macromolecules, this process is fruitful.

In microfiltration, membrane filter separates particles according to pore size. The membrane used in this ultrafiltration system acts as a molecular sieve. The ultrafilter used in the process is selectively permeable membrane which does not allow macromolecules above a certain size to pass through. It also retains colloids, microorganisms and pyrogens. However smaller molecules like solvents and ionized contaminants pass into the filtrate.

The function that Ultrafiltration processes perform are feed clarification, concentration of rejected solutes and fractionation of solutes. Ultrafiltration (UF) however is not so effective against organic streams.

Pores of the surface layer of the membrane is relatively smaller than the pores in the support layer of the membrane. Material that passes through the fine pores can readily be transported through the sponge-like structure of the support layer.

Whenever the mixture of solvent passes through the membrane some of the materials are retained that when get concentrated resist the flow. Thus when the solution is processed this localized concentration of solute usually lead to the precipitation of a solute gel over the membrane. Due to this, by controlling the rate of transport through the polarization layer the permeate rate can be effectively controlled.

Properties of Membrane
Membrane characteristics include porosity, morphology, surface properties, mechanical strength and chemical resistance. Following have been used successfully as a Polymeric materials like polysulfone, polypropylene, nylon 6, PVC, acrylic copolymer etc. Some of the inorganic materials like ceramics, carbon based membranes, zirconia etc. are also sometimes used as ultrafiltration membrane. These membrane come in sheet, capillary and tubular forms. The liquid is filtered in two streams - dilute permeate passes perpendicularly through the membrane whereas, concentrate passes out the end of the media.

Advantages
Following are the advantages of Ultrafiltration:

Removes particles, pyrogens, microorganisms, and colloids above their rated size effectively.
Highest quality of water is produced using least amount of energy.
They are easy to install.
Maintenance is cheaper and easier.

Applications of Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration is used for following applications:

For biological molecule concentration.
For recovering electropaint.
Waste treatment of oil emulsion.
Whey treatment in dairy industries.
Waste treatment of pulp mill.
producing pure water for electronics industry.
For concentrating textile sizing.
Heat sensitive proteins concentration for food additives.
Gelatin concentration.
Preparing Enzyme and pharmaceutical products.

Tags:- Biological Ultrafiltration Systems, Industrial Ultrafiltration Systems, Ultra Filtration Process

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