Types of Power Distribution Transformer

The system engineered to facilitate the distribution of power pretty much reserves the name of " power distribution transformers". It is an essential requirement for various industrial and commercial settings. There are different types of distribution transformers that serve specific needs based on the amount of power needed as well as physical and environmental consideration. The distribution transformers can be categorized into the following types:

 

Step Up or Step Down
It is a basic type of transformer that comprises of wire wrapped around metal cores. The input voltage applied to primary coil is induced into secondary coil by the process known as magnetic flux. Amount of voltage induced is directly proportional to the ratio of number of turns of wire in the coil. For the turn ration 2:1, output voltage halves or steps down. With turn ratio 1:2, the voltage steps up to the double.

 

Three Phases, Wye of Delta
The three-phase system provides 173% more power than single-phase power distribution system. Cores of the transformer is wound in a "wye" or "delta" pattern, which allows power to be transmitted over long distances with a small conductor size. Three phase transformers are specially useful in heavy-duty industrial applications.

 

Tapped or Center Tapped
Tapped or center tapped transformers feature a tap in the middle of secondary winding. The center tap is used as a neutral connection intended to provide option for the secondary sides ie. the design of the transformer provides an output for more multiple locations. This type of transformer is often used in residential wiring.

 

Pole Mounted or Stationary
Distribution transformers are available in a multitude of designs ranging from rectangle shapes with cooling fins to complex arrangements of mechanical shapes. The design engineering facilitates easy installation of the integrated system. A three-phase transformer can appear to be three different transformers connected in a series. These transformers can be easily mounted on utility poles or concrete pads protected by fences or locked cabinets.

 

Oil-Filled or Dry
For heavy-duty applications, it is preferred to fill the distribution transformer with a highly refined mineral oil. This helps to insulate the inner part of the transformers that conduct high voltages to prevent arcing or spikes. The oil content in the transformers also helps to maintain the temperature while reducing the vibration or humm. Single phase transformers without any liquid content is a called dry transformers.

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