Rice Cultivation in India

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• Plowing (typically with simple plows drawn by buffalo)
• Fertilizing (usually with dung or sewage), and smoothing (by dragging a log over them). The seedlings are started in seedling beds and, after 30 to 50 days, are transplanted by hand to the fields, which have been flooded by rain or river water. During the growing season, irrigation is maintained in some areas. The fields are allowed to drain before cutting.
• Rice when it is still covered by the brown hull is known as paddy; rice fields are also called paddy fields or rice paddies.
• Before marketing, the rice is threshed to loosen the hulls-mainly by flailing, treading, or working in a mortar-and winnowed free of chaff by tossing it in the air above a sheet or mat.